Skip to content
Out of

Egg yolk substitutes

Egg yolk substitutes — 8 options, ranked, with the exact amount

Also called yolk, yolks, egg yolk only, yolk of egg

Use thisBest of 8 options

Use Aquafaba + neutral oil

1 tbsp aquafaba + 1 tsp oil for every yolk

For a batter or a dough where the yolk is adding richness and holding things together, use 1 tbsp aquafaba plus 1 tsp neutral oil per yolk. For a vinaigrette, 1 tsp of Dijon mustard emulsifies it instead. For a stirred custard, 2 tsp of cornstarch per yolk thickens it. But in hollandaise, homemade mayonnaise or creme anglaise, nothing here does the yolk's job, and that is worth knowing before you start.

Verdict —
Tweak it
The tweak —
Whisk 1 tbsp aquafaba with 1 tsp neutral oil until slightly cloudy, then add to the mixture.
Best for —
when the yolk was enriching a batter or dough

Checked 22 Jul 2026 · no sponsored swaps

But first: what’s the egg yolk doing?

Pick your case

Is the yolk holding a sauce together, thickening it, or just making a batter richer?

  1. You need something with an emulsifier in it. Aquafaba works from a recipe written for it, and 1 tsp of Dijon mustard will hold a vinaigrette on its own. Amounts are on for mayonnaise and for salad dressing.

    Notes on aquafaba + neutral oil or Dijon mustard

    1 tbsp aquafaba + 1 tsp oil per yolk

Work out which of the yolk's three jobs your recipe is using. If it is holding a cold sauce together, you need an emulsifier: mustard for a dressing, aquafaba or soy lecithin for mayonnaise. If it is thickening a hot liquid, you need starch, and you should expect a pastry cream rather than a silky custard. If it is only making a batter richer, 1 tbsp of aquafaba plus 1 tsp of oil, or 1 tbsp of cream, is enough. If it is a warm butter emulsion, there is no substitute at all.

Job by job4 jobs

A yolk is a fat-and-water package held together by lecithin. That lecithin is why one yolk can turn ¾ cup of oil into mayonnaise, and the fat is why an extra yolk makes pasta richer and cookies chewier. Its protein also sets at 149-158F/65-70C, which is what thickens a custard into something that coats a spoon.

Fat & richnessprimary

About 5 g of fat per yolk coats the flour and softens the crumb: it is why an extra yolk makes a cookie chewier and a pasta dough silkier.

Emulsifyingprimary

Lecithin coats droplets of oil so they cannot rejoin each other, which is the entire reason mayonnaise stays creamy instead of separating into oil and vinegar.

Thickeningsecondary

Warmed slowly, yolk protein unfolds and thickens a liquid to the point where it coats the back of a spoon, which is what creme anglaise and a custard ice cream base are built on.

Setting & gellingsecondary

Held above about 158F/70C the same protein sets firm, giving a baked custard, a quiche or a lemon curd its sliceable body.

Every option, one card

Ranked · per 1 large egg yolk
Egg Yolk substitutes compared
SubstituteInstead of 1 large egg yolk
Aquafaba + neutral oilwhen the yolk was enriching a batter or dough1 tbsp + 1 tsp neutral oilTweak it
Dijon mustardvinaigrette and creamy salad dressing1 tsp Dijon or smooth yellow mustardYou'll taste it
Cornstarch + butterpastry cream and pie fillings2 tsp + 1 tsp butterYou'll taste it
Heavy creamcookies, scones and enriched doughs that only wanted richness1 tbspYou'll taste it
Applesauce + neutral oilsweet batters where the yolk was one of several eggs1 tbsp unsweetened applesauce + 1 tsp neutral oilYou'll taste it
Flaxseed gelvegan cookies and bars that used a yolk for chew1 tsp ground flaxseed + 1 tbsp water, rested 5 minutes, plus 1 tsp neutral oilYou'll taste it
Silken tofuchilled vegan tarts and cheesecake-style fillings2 tbsp, blended completely smooth, plus 1 tsp neutral oilYou'll taste it
Soy lecithinvegan mayonnaise and creamy dressings½ tsp + 1 tsp neutral oilYou'll taste it
What changes8 options

Aquafaba + neutral oil

less rich and slightly less savory; the buttery note a yolk gives is missing

Chickpea liquid supplies proteins that hold an emulsion together and the added oil stands in for the yolk's fat, which is the pair that gets closest to what a yolk was doing.

Covers
Fat & richness
Emulsifying
Misses
Thickening — not covered
Setting & gelling — not covered

What these mean

Amount
1 tbsp aquafaba + 1 tsp neutral oil for 1 large egg yolk (about 1 tbsp, 18 g)
Then
Whisk the two together before they go into the mixture, so the oil is already dispersed. For mayonnaise, use 3 tbsp of aquafaba and drizzle the oil in a thread while blending.
Best for
when the yolk was enriching a batter or dough, vegan mayonnaise made from a recipe built for it, cookies and enriched breads
Texture
close in a batter, thinner and lighter in a sauce, and it will not thicken over heat at all
Look
everything comes out paler: no yellow in the crumb, and a mayonnaise that is bright white rather than ivory
Prep
Whisk 1 tbsp aquafaba with 1 tsp neutral oil until slightly cloudy, then add to the mixture.
Suits
vegan, vegetarian, dairy-free, gluten-free, nut-free
  1. The oil is not optional: aquafaba on its own is fat-free, and a yolk is about 5 g of fat. Leave it out and cookies come out cakey and pale.
  2. Use liquid from unsalted chickpeas, and do not use the water you rinsed drained chickpeas in.
  3. For mayonnaise, work from an aquafaba recipe rather than converting yolk amounts: 3 tbsp of aquafaba will carry about ¾ cup of oil, but it needs a blender and a slow drizzle.

Aquafaba's usefulness here is that it emulsifies at all. What it cannot do is get thicker as it warms, and that single gap is why custard-style recipes fail with it.

Up to 2 yolks in a batter. It never thickens or sets with heat, so no custards, no quiche, no lemon curd, no warm butter sauces.

Dijon mustard

noticeably mustardy and sharper

Mustard carries its own emulsifiers in the seed coat, so a teaspoon will hold a vinaigrette together the way a yolk does, with a flavor of its own attached.

Covers
Emulsifying
Misses
Fat & richness — not covered
Thickening — not covered
Setting & gelling — not covered

What these mean

Amount
1 tsp Dijon or smooth yellow mustard for 1 large egg yolk in a dressing
Then
Whisk the mustard with the vinegar and salt first, then add the oil in a slow thread. Adding the oil first is why home dressings split.
Best for
vinaigrette and creamy salad dressing, when you need the oil and vinegar to stay combined and nothing else, the swap you can make right now with what is in the fridge door
Taste
noticeably mustardy and sharper; excellent in a salad dressing and wrong in a dessert
Texture
the dressing is thinner and less creamy than a yolk-based one, though it holds together
Look
cloudy and pale yellow rather than glossy and rich; it may separate after a day in the fridge and needs re-shaking
Pantry
Likely in your cupboard
Suits
vegan, vegetarian, dairy-free, gluten-free, nut-free
  1. It brings no fat, so if the recipe was relying on the yolk for body, add 1 tbsp of yogurt or 1 tsp of mayonnaise as well.
  2. Cut any other mustard in the recipe by the same amount so it does not taste sharp.
  3. It will not emulsify a warm sauce. Hollandaise needs the yolk's protein as well as its lecithin.

The most underrated fix on this page: most people looking for an egg yolk substitute for salad dressing already have mustard, and it solves the problem outright.

Cold dressings only. Not for mayonnaise as the sole emulsifier, and never in a sweet recipe.

Cornstarch + butter

cleaner and less rich; the eggy, faintly savory depth of a real custard is gone

A starch to do the thickening and a little butter to put back the fat, which between them make a pastry-cream style filling instead of a silky custard.

Covers
Fat & richness
Thickening
Misses
Emulsifying — not covered
Setting & gelling — not covered

What these mean

Amount
2 tsp cornstarch + 1 tsp butter for 1 large egg yolk in a custard or cream
Then
Slake the cornstarch in 1 tbsp of cold milk, whisk it into the rest, bring it to a boil for a full minute, then beat the butter in off the heat.
Best for
pastry cream and pie fillings, when the custard will be served cold in the dish it set in, a thickened dessert you need to be reliable rather than delicate
Texture
thicker and more gelled, and it can turn stringy if you reheat it
Look
opaque and paler, with a matte surface instead of a glossy sheen, and it slumps rather than holding a soft mound
Pantry
Likely in your cupboard
Suits
vegetarian, gluten-free, nut-free
Contains
dairy
  1. It must boil for a full minute or it tastes chalky and thins back out as it cools.
  2. Add the butter off the heat at the end, or the starch will not set properly.
  3. Do not use it in a thin pouring custard: cornstarch goes gluey at pouring consistency, so change the dessert instead.

Every classic pastry cream already uses both yolks and starch. Dropping the yolks and keeping the starch gives you the set without the silk, which is a fair trade in a tart and a poor one in creme anglaise.

Thickened, chilled desserts only. It does not emulsify, so never in mayonnaise or hollandaise, and it will not set a baked custard or a quiche.

Heavy cream

rich and dairy-forward rather than eggy; a cleaner, sweeter kind of richness

Cream puts back the fat and a little of the richness the yolk was there for, without doing any of its emulsifying or thickening work.

Covers
Fat & richness
Misses
Emulsifying — not covered
Thickening — not covered
Setting & gelling — not covered

What these mean

Amount
1 tbsp heavy cream for 1 large egg yolk in a batter or dough
Then
Stir it in with the other wet ingredients. If the dough was already soft, hold back 1 tsp of the recipe's other liquid.
Best for
cookies, scones and enriched doughs that only wanted richness, pasta dough and mashed potato, when you have cream in the fridge and no eggs at all
Texture
tender and soft, with slightly less chew than an extra yolk would give
Look
a paler, creamier crumb with none of the yellow tint a yolk contributes
Pantry
Likely in your cupboard
Suits
vegetarian, gluten-free, nut-free
Contains
dairy
  1. 1 tbsp of cream carries about 5 g of fat, close to a yolk's, but it is mostly water: cut 1 tsp of other liquid in a soft dough.
  2. It brings no color, so brush the top with cream too if the recipe expected a golden crumb.
  3. Do not expect it to hold a sauce together. In a dressing or a mayonnaise it will simply separate.

The honest reason this works is that a lot of recipes add a yolk purely for fat. When that is all it was doing, cream is simpler than anything else here.

One or two yolks in a batter or dough. It cannot emulsify or thicken, and it is not dairy-free.

Applesauce + neutral oil

faintly fruity and slightly sweeter, hidden by cocoa or spice

A small measure of fruit puree with oil whisked in, which covers a yolk's moisture and fat in a sweet batter and nothing else about it.

Covers
Fat & richness
Thickening
Misses
Emulsifying — not covered
Setting & gelling — not covered

What these mean

Amount
1 tbsp unsweetened applesauce + 1 tsp neutral oil for 1 large egg yolk (about 1 tbsp, 18 g)
Then
Whisk them together first. Match the volume: a yolk is 1 tbsp, so the ¼ cup of applesauce often quoted for a yolk adds around 3 tbsp of extra liquid and makes the crumb wet.
Best for
sweet batters where the yolk was one of several eggs, when you have no aquafaba, no cream and no seeds, muffins and quick breads
Texture
moist but softer and less chewy, with none of a yolk's silkiness
Look
a paler crumb with no yellow tint, and a slightly damper, closer texture at the center
Pantry
Likely in your cupboard
Suits
vegan, vegetarian, dairy-free, gluten-free, nut-free
  1. Keep to 1 tbsp of applesauce per yolk. Using ¼ cup, as many sources say, overshoots a yolk's volume by about three times and gives a soggy middle.
  2. Add ¼ tsp of baking powder per yolk replaced if the crumb needs help rising.
  3. Use unsweetened applesauce, or cut 1 tsp of the recipe's sugar per yolk.

Included with a corrected amount because the figure usually quoted for it is three times too large, which is why so many people report a wet, heavy result.

Sweet batters only, one or two yolks. It does not emulsify or set, so no dressings, no custards, no curd.

Flaxseed gel

faintly nutty and toasty

A thick flaxseed gel that binds and holds moisture in a bake, and which cannot emulsify a sauce or thicken a custard however carefully you heat it.

Covers
Thickening
Misses
Fat & richness — not covered
Emulsifying — not covered
Setting & gelling — not covered

What these mean

Amount
1 tsp ground flaxseed + 1 tbsp water, rested 5 minutes, plus 1 tsp neutral oil for 1 large egg yolk in a baked mixture
Then
A yolk is about a third of a whole egg's volume, so use a third of a flax egg. Add the oil separately, because flax gel carries almost no usable fat for the crumb.
Best for
vegan cookies and bars that used a yolk for chew, binding a savory mixture where the yolk was the glue, when you have flaxseed and nothing else
Texture
chewier and slightly gummy, with a heavier crumb
Look
brown specks through the crumb, a flatter top, and no yellow at all
Prep
Stir 1 tsp ground flaxseed into 1 tbsp water, rest 5 minutes, then whisk in 1 tsp oil.
Suits
vegan, vegetarian, dairy-free, gluten-free, nut-free
  1. Use a third of the usual flax egg per yolk: a whole one is sized to a whole egg and will make the crumb gummy.
  2. Add 1 tsp of oil per yolk to cover the fat, or the bake comes out dry.
  3. Never use it in hollandaise, mayonnaise or a stirred custard. It has no emulsifier and it does not coagulate.

This is the row the internet reaches for first and the one that fails most spectacularly when it lands in a sauce. In cookies it is genuinely useful.

Baked mixtures, up to 2 yolks. A chia gel behaves the same way at the same amount with darker specks.

Silken tofu

neutral to faintly beany; cocoa and citrus cover it, vanilla does not

Blended silken tofu gives creamy body and pale color, which suits a chilled filling and does nothing for a sauce that has to hold oil.

Covers
Thickening
Misses
Fat & richness — not covered
Emulsifying — not covered
Setting & gelling — not covered

What these mean

Amount
2 tbsp silken tofu, blended completely smooth, plus 1 tsp neutral oil for 1 large egg yolk
Then
Blend, do not mash. Any grain left in the puree reads as chalky specks in the finished dish.
Best for
chilled vegan tarts and cheesecake-style fillings, creamy pasta sauces where you want body without dairy, when creaminess matters and structure does not
Texture
creamy and soft-set, never silky the way a yolk custard is, and it can weep liquid after a day
Look
opaque off-white with no yellow, and a matte rather than glossy surface
Prep
Blend 2 tbsp silken tofu smooth with 1 tsp neutral oil.
Suits
vegan, vegetarian, dairy-free, gluten-free, nut-free
Contains
soy
  1. Add 1 tsp of oil per yolk: silken tofu is low in fat and a yolk is not.
  2. Season more assertively. Tofu mutes salt and acid noticeably.
  3. For anything sweet, add 1 tsp of sugar per yolk replaced to cover the beany edge.

Best thought of as a creamy filling base rather than a yolk swap, which is why it turns up in vegan cheesecake recipes and nowhere near a hollandaise.

Cold and gently cooked dishes. It softens on heating rather than setting, so no quiche, no baked custard, no warm emulsion.

Soy lecithin

close to neutral, with a faint beany bitterness at higher amounts

The same class of emulsifier the yolk itself relies on, sold on its own, so it holds a cold emulsion together while bringing no fat, no protein and no flavor.

Covers
Emulsifying
Misses
Fat & richness — not covered
Thickening — not covered
Setting & gelling — not covered

What these mean

Amount
½ tsp soy lecithin (granules or liquid) + 1 tsp neutral oil for 1 large egg yolk used as an emulsifier
Then
Blend the lecithin into the water phase, vinegar or lemon juice, until it disperses before you add any oil.
Best for
vegan mayonnaise and creamy dressings, when an emulsion keeps splitting and you want the one missing component, cooks who already keep it for bread or chocolate work
Texture
holds together but stays thinner than a yolk emulsion
Look
pale and matte rather than the glossy ivory of a yolk sauce
Pantry
Special trip
Suits
vegan, vegetarian, dairy-free, gluten-free, nut-free
Contains
soy
  1. Disperse it in the water or acid first. Added to oil it clumps and does nothing.
  2. It contributes no body, so a mayonnaise made with it needs a starch or a spoon of aquafaba as well to feel thick.
  3. Start at ½ tsp. More does not emulsify better and gives a slippery, slightly bitter finish.

Worth buying if cold emulsions are a recurring problem in your kitchen, and not worth a special trip for one batch of dressing when mustard is in the fridge.

Cold emulsions only. It emulsifies and nothing else: no thickening with heat, no setting, no richness.

Don’t swap it here

4 cases
  • Hollandaise, bearnaise or sabayon.Make a sauce that does not need yolks, such as a browned butter with lemon, or wait until you have eggs. If you need it vegan, start from a recipe designed that way rather than swapping into this one.
  • Stirred custards: creme anglaise, custard ice cream base, creme brulee, lemon curd, zabaglione.Use a cornstarch-thickened pastry cream or a coconut-milk based recipe written without eggs, and accept it as a different dessert.
  • SafetyRaw yolk dishes: homemade mayonnaise, Caesar dressing, tiramisu, mousse, steak tartare.Use pasteurized eggs, or aquafaba, which needs no cooking at all.
  • Replacing a yolk with ¼ cup of applesauce, banana or tofu, as many sources suggest.Match the volume: 1 tbsp of puree plus 1 tsp of oil per yolk, and cut 1 tsp of the recipe's other liquid if the batter looks slack.

Safety

2 notes

If it went wrong

4 fixes
  • The mayonnaise or aioli split into oil and watery liquid.The oil went in faster than the emulsifier could coat it, or the emulsion got too warm.Start again in a clean bowl with 1 tbsp of aquafaba, or a fresh yolk, or 1 tsp of Dijon, and drizzle the broken mixture into it in a slow thread, whisking constantly. It comes back almost every time.
  • The custard went grainy and looks scrambled.It passed about 185F/85C, so the yolk protein set into curds instead of thickening smoothly.Blend it and pass it through a fine sieve immediately: you will get a thinner but usable cream. Next time keep it below 180F/82C, stir constantly, and use a probe thermometer rather than the pan's look.
  • The vinaigrette separates within minutes of shaking it.No emulsifier in it at all, or the oil was added before the acid was seasoned and emulsified.Whisk 1 tsp of Dijon with the vinegar and salt first, then add the oil in a slow thread. It will hold for days in the fridge.
  • Cookies made without the yolk came out cakey and pale instead of chewy.The yolk's 5 g of fat went missing, and fat is what shortens the crumb and helps it spread.Add 1 tsp of oil or 1 tbsp of cream per yolk you left out, flatten the dough before baking, and expect a slightly paler bake because no yolk means less browning.

Measure it

7 measures
  • 1 large egg yolk18-20 g = about 1 tbspThe single most useful number here: most substitute amounts quoted for a yolk are far larger than the yolk itself.
  • Yolk compositionabout 55% water, 27% fat, 16% protein, roughly 5 g of fatAny swap that brings no fat needs 1 tsp of oil or 1 tbsp of cream added alongside it.
  • Emulsifying power1 yolk will hold about ¾ cup (180 ml) of oilThat is the mayonnaise limit. Push past it and the sauce breaks.
  • Where yolk sets149-158F/65-70C; a stirred custard coats a spoon at 175-180F/79-82C and curdles above about 185F/85CCheckable with a probe thermometer, and the reason custards are the one thing you cannot fake.
  • Whole egg versus yolks1 whole egg stands in for 2 yolks in a batterIt brings about 20 g of extra water and no more fat, so cut 1 tbsp of the recipe's other liquid.
  • Adding a yolk on purpose1 extra yolk per 2 cups of flourThe standard trick for chewier cookies, silkier pasta and a softer enriched dough, and the effect you are trying to reproduce when you swap one out.
  • Leftover yolks2 days in the fridge, covered with a film of cold waterOr freeze them with a pinch of salt or sugar, which stops them turning gluey.

Questions

8 questions

What is the best substitute for egg yolk?

It depends on the job. For richness in a batter or dough, 1 tbsp of aquafaba plus 1 tsp of neutral oil, or 1 tbsp of heavy cream. For a vinaigrette, 1 tsp of Dijon mustard, which emulsifies on its own. For a custard or pastry cream, 2 tsp of cornstarch plus 1 tsp of butter per yolk. For hollandaise or a stirred creme anglaise, there is no substitute worth attempting.

How much of a substitute equals one egg yolk?

Match the volume: a large yolk is about 1 tbsp, or 18-20 g. That means 1 tbsp of aquafaba plus 1 tsp of oil, 1 tbsp of cream, 1 tbsp of applesauce plus 1 tsp of oil, or 2 tbsp of blended silken tofu. The commonly quoted ¼ cup of puree per yolk is roughly three tablespoons too much liquid, which is what makes the middle of the bake wet.

Can I use egg whites instead of egg yolks?

Not as a like-for-like swap. Whites are protein and water with no fat, and the fat and lecithin are the whole point of the yolk, so a white will not enrich a dough or emulsify a sauce. Two whites in place of two yolks gives a leaner, drier, paler result. If you have whole eggs, one whole egg stands in for two yolks in a batter; cut 1 tbsp of the recipe's other liquid to allow for the extra water.

What can I use instead of egg yolk in mayonnaise?

Aquafaba, from a recipe written for it: about 3 tbsp will carry ¾ cup of oil, blended with the oil drizzled in a thread. ½ tsp of soy lecithin does the same job with less body. Do not use flax gel, applesauce or tofu, none of which emulsify. If your only worry is the raw egg, pasteurized eggs let you keep the original recipe unchanged.

Is there an egg yolk substitute for custard?

Only if you accept a different dessert. Yolks thicken a custard because their protein unfolds between about 149F and 180F/65C and 82C, and nothing plant-based does that. Cornstarch will thicken the liquid: use 2 tsp plus 1 tsp of butter per yolk, boil it a full minute, and you get a pastry cream that sets firm and glossy rather than a silky pouring custard.

Can I use flaxseed gel instead of egg yolk in hollandaise or mayonnaise?

No. Flax gel binds and holds water, but it contains no emulsifier and does not set with heat, so hollandaise will separate into butter and liquid and mayonnaise will never come together. Flax is a good yolk substitute in cookies and bars at 1 tsp of ground flax to 1 tbsp of water plus 1 tsp of oil, and a poor one in anything you pour over asparagus.

How do I separate egg yolks from whites?

Crack the egg on a flat surface rather than a rim, then tip the yolk gently between the shell halves and let the white fall into a bowl below, or pour the whole egg into your cupped hand and let the white run through your fingers. Separate them cold, straight from the fridge, because a cold yolk holds together better. Any yolk that gets into whites you plan to whip will stop them foaming.

Does leaving out the yolk change how a bake looks?

Yes, in two visible ways. The crumb loses its yellow tint and comes out pale, and the crust browns less, because the yolk's protein and fat are part of what browns. If you want the color back without the egg, brush the top with cream, plant milk or a little maple syrup before baking.

Tips for substituting egg yolk

8 tips
  1. Measure against the real thing: a large yolk is about 1 tbsp, so any substitute quoted at ¼ cup is four times too much.
  2. Every fat-free swap needs fat added back. 1 tsp of neutral oil or 1 tbsp of cream covers a yolk's 5 g.
  3. For a dressing that keeps splitting, whisk 1 tsp of Dijon into the vinegar and salt before any oil goes in. That one change fixes most vinaigrettes.
  4. For an emulsion of any kind, add the oil in a thin thread and keep everything at room temperature: heat and speed are what break sauces.
  5. A stirred custard is done at 175-180F/79-82C and curdles above 185F/85C, so use a probe thermometer instead of guessing.
  6. If you only need to lose the raw egg rather than the egg entirely, pasteurized eggs solve the problem without changing the recipe.
  7. Freeze leftover yolks with a pinch of salt or sugar, one per ice cube slot, or they set to a gluey block.
  8. In cookies and pasta, the yolk is mostly fat and color. Accept a paler result and add the fat back rather than chasing the yellow.

SourcesFDA: What You Need to Know About Egg Safety (opens in a new tab), USDA FoodData Central (opens in a new tab)

Eggs drawer All ingredients